Friday, December 12, 2014

Digital History Scrapbook #5 - India

Trevor Jones 
12/12/14

Links: 


Actions Have Consequences 

In ancient India, and in some cases modern day India, the people believed in a concept known as Karma. This concept was introduced by Buddhism and essentially means that ones actions correlate with their status in their next life or even their present life. In other words, it is the result of our own past actions and our own present doings. If you have bad karma in your present life, then it will negatively affect you for eternity or until you reach moksha. This ancient concept of karma, and more specifically, bad karma, introduced and taught by the Buddha himself is very similar to modern day criminal records, not just in the United States but in most organized communities, states or countries. If you do something illegal in this modern day, that crime can be recorded and placed on what is called a criminal record. This document can be retrieved at any time by anybody making a financial or official deal with you, such as a job or a loan. Bad karma and living with a criminal record can harm you and potentially ruin your life or next life (Buddhism).  
Of course, like with most things, there are consequences for doing the wrong thing. In this aspect, bad karma and possessing a criminal record are very similar. If you do not follow your dharma during your life, you will be reborn as a lesser being. This could mean being born into a lower class or even being born as a non-human animal. However there are also ways for bad karma to affect you in your present life. If the crime that you have committed it so severe, you could possibly be exiled from your community or even given the short way to samsara, the death penalty. Similar consequences apply to criminal record-holders. If you have committed a (usually major) crime in your life, it can restrict access to everything from jobs to insurance, loans and travel. Even though you are allowed equal rights after you have served your punishment, business owners or higher ranking officials will take that into consideration and most likely deny your request for work, loans, insurance and many other things. In some cases, having a criminal record for certain things can be a complete bar for exchanging business, such as applying for a job, adopting a child, or even working with adults or children in general. Having a criminal record generally only affects your present life (Unless of course your religion has rules against it) but there is a big similarity connection between the two subjects. 
These consequences may seem dire to you at the time, but think in the long run how it may affect your family. If you have bad karma in your lifetime and don't fulfill your dharma, in the lower classes, nobody would have given you a job which would greatly affect your ability to raise a family. If you have no job, you cannot buy for for your family or pay taxes which would get you into even more trouble, but in this case it would be with the government which could eventually get you killed. Obviously it does not affect your family in your next lifetime, but if you serve the death penalty or even go to prison, you are leaving them alone to fend for themselves. With a criminal record, the result for your family is the same, they have nobody to support them if you cannot find a job and your backup money slowly fades away until suddenly, you are in debt. Also, your social aspect would certainly be crushed in both situations, if businesses reject your offer, then acquaintances would certainly not be there to take your back. 

Dharma is a concept that Buddhists must follow in order to have good karma and move up in the caste system, if not then their will be consequences.this idea of bad karma very similarly relates to possessing a criminal record in this modern day. Karma can have consequences in your present life as well as your next life, compared to possessing a criminal record which greatly affects you in your present life, but not your afterlife (unless you are a Buddhist of course). Having bad karma or having a criminal record can also have a great affect on your family and your social life, and may even ruin them. Just remember, your actions have consequences. 

Monday, December 1, 2014

T&R on "Women in Ancient China"

Trevor Jones
Thoughts and Reflection on "Women in Ancient China"                                                     12/2/14
Source: Unknown

T&R on "Women in Ancient China"

In Taoism, women were given equal rights to men and some even carried out important jobs such as philosophers. Although, with the reign of Hsi Huang Mu, fear was brought to the people for having a women ruler and the derogatory term' "like a hen crowing", was bestowed upon China's only female emperor, Wu Zetian. The same applies to Buddhism, women were given equal rights under Wu Zetian and in some cases, high status and freedom. This being said, Confucianism did not empower women because it did not put women on a higher or even equal status to the male population. Confucianism did not degrade women, however, it did place them at a lower end of the patriarchal family structure. Some Confucian writings said for women to "yield to others", by putting others first and herself last. NeoConfucianism is a reinterpretation of Confucian teaching that was written in the Song Dynasty. These teachings enforced the position of women in society even more and pressured women to carry out egregious practices such as footbinding, widow chastity, and the selling of unwanted daughters. Not all women practiced these, such as women of ethnic minorities, but those who did severely limited female mobility.

China/ India Writing Assignment

Dear Editor,  

I am addressing you on the Matter of sewage cleaners, or manual scavenging, which as you know, is the cleaning of human waste by communities considered "low caste", which unfortunately, I happen to fall under. I have never been to school, but I want my kids to be educated. Therefore, I have to do various small jobs and this happens to be one of them. In fact, the only way that I am able to send you this letter is because of my dear family friend, who has kindly agreed to write down my opinion, in which I would like to share with you. Don't get me wrong, I am very grateful to have this job. This job supplies my family and I with food, shelter, and education, as well as this job benefits my community, in which I am entitled to serve. However, I don't believe you have heard all of the negative aspects of the sewer cleaning business and I believe you deserve to know what horrors it actually consists of. 
On a daily basis, I wake up at 6 a.m. and eat whatever is leftover from the day before, while making sure to leave enough for my wife and children. After this, I journey to any manhole or sewer that the city assigns me to, and crawl through tight spaces for multiple hours until I am allowed to return home. Every day, me and the people of my caste crawl around sewers without any protective gear. Filth and human excrement are a given, but sometimes we come across a dead dog or a dead rat as well. Broken bottles lurk in the pitch-black sewer system too which cover our legs with scars and cuts. Hundreds die each year because of this, when people hear this, many say they do it because they have no alternative. Even though we suffer from health problems and hear stories of workers dying in manholes, we cannot do anything other than carry on with our work. We have no choice. There are very minimal safety regulations with this work. About the only thing I've ever seen supplied to people of my caste is a harness, and thats only for manholes that are deeper than 20 feet. It is said that medical help is available to people at every site, but I have been doing this since I was a kid, and I've never seen any safety precautions other than a harness, not even a first aid kit. 
As a result of these poor conditions, the statistics of deaths and injuries for low-caste people are continuously rising. On average, 20 sewer workers die each month from accidents, suffocation or exposure to toxic gas. Out of the workers that remain alive, 80% die before they reach 60 years old due to work related health problems, and 95% of the people in the sewage cleaning caste are Dalits. I am about one week shy of turning 55, and since I have been working in the sewers since childhood, Im surprised I've lived this long. After hearing all of this evidence, i hope you consider taking my story to an official of higher power in order to remove the caste from society for once and for all. On top of all the health issues, this job is humiliating. How would you feel about yourself if you had to support your family by cleaning sewers with garbage and human excrement? How would you feel about not even being able to go into a store without people discriminating against you because of your caste, or trying to pity you because you have a terrible life. On top of all of this, what about human rights? Its not natural to treat beings of the same species this way, even the slaves of ancient Egypt got better treatment than me and my fellow kind. I hope you take this into serious consideration and do what you think is right for society. Thank you for your time sir. 

Sincerely, 

Amir Gupta