Trevor Jones
2/24/16
Per. 3
Sources:
Human Geography: People, Places, and Culture: Chapter 9 - Urban Geography
Mapping the great housing divide in New York and San Francisco: http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/10/mapping-the-great-housing-divide-in-new-york-and-san-francisco/405022/?utm_source=nl__link2_101315
America’s great fitness divide: http://www.citylab.com/politics/2016/01/americas-great-fitness-divide/414558/?utm_source=nl__link3_011116
PHOTOS: What snow tells us about creating better public spaces on E Passyunk Avenue: http://www.thisoldcity.com/advocacy/photos-what-snow-tells-us-about-creating-better-public-spaces-e-passyunk-avenue#.Vs0lAsdznFJ
6 big european cities with plans to go car free: http://www.citylab.com/cityfixer/2015/10/6-european-cities-with-plans-to-go-car-free/411439/?utm_source=nl__link1_102015
The power of public housing: http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/public-housing-success/406561/
The Megacity Tokyo- http://globalsherpa.org/japan/tokyo-japan/
Portland, Oregon Gentrification: http://www.governing.com/gov-data/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html#portland
In the early 80’s and 90’s, the city Portland, Oregon wanted to gentrify their run down community in order to reconstruct their city as a new urban center, but the surplus population of lower-class african americans were halting the gentrification process, so as more young professionals and intellectuals moved into the city, african american families moved out due to the increase in living costs. The city then faced significant pressures in maintaining housing affordability, however the city is today one of the hottest cities for young professionals, as well as an urban center for tourists from all around.
Possible terms from readings:
Housing Divide (1): the difference in housing affordability seen throughout one city
Inversion (1): trading of places within major metropolitan areas
American Fitness Index (2): an index that rates metros on individual health indicators
Sneckdown (3): combination of “snow” and “neckdown”- another name for curb expansion- that uses snow formation on the street to reveal the space cars don’t use
Pedestrianization (4): The restriction of access to a street to pedestrians only
Housing Act (5): program created in 1937 which sought to create jobs and build housing
Housing Choice Voucher (5): A program crated in 1974 to provide subsidies for poor families to move into market rate-apartments
Central business district: The downtown heart of a central city, the _________ is marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.
Synekism: A concept in urban studies coined by Edward Soja. It refers to the dynamic formation of the polis state - the union of several small urban settlements under the rule of a "capital" city. …
Urban: Buildup of the central city and the suburban realm.
City: Conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as centers of politics, culture, and economics.
Agricultural village: A relatively small, egalitarian village, where most of the population was involved in agriculture. Starting over 10,000 years ago, people began to cluster in agricultural villages as they stayed in one place to tend their crops.
Agricultural surplus: One of two components, together with social stratification, that enable the formation of cities; agricultural production in excess of that which the producer needs for his or her own sustenance and that of his or her family and which is then sold for consumption by others
Social stratification: One of two components, together with agricultural surplus, which enables the formation of cities; the differentiation of society into classes based on wealth, power, production, and prestige
Leadership Class: Group of decision-makers and organizers in early cities who controlled the resources, and often the lives, of others
First urban revolution: The innovation of the city. Ex. (Hearths) Mesoamerica, Nile Valley, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley and Huang He River Valley.
Secondary hearth: An early adopter of a cultural practice or trait that becomes a central locale from which the practice or trait further diffuses
Acropolis: Greek city's highest point on which the most impressive structures, usually religious, were built. Ex. Parthenon, Athens, Greece
Agora: Greece's open city a squares, were public events and commercial activity took place. Ex. Former agora of Athens, Greece seen below the Acropolis
Site: City's absolute location. Chosen for defensive, trade and religious importance. Ex. Location of Rome
Situation: City's relative location, and place in it's region and world. Ex. Situation of coastal cities proved advantageous with the introduction of oceanic trade
Urban morphology: The layout, structure and physical form of a city
Forum: Rome's marriage of the Greek Acropolis and Agora; focal point of Roman public life. Ex. Rome's Forum, featuring the Colosseum
Trade area: City's adjacent region where its influence is dominat. Ex. People from smaller and or rural areas touring large malls in the suburbs
Rank-size rule: Population of cities in a model urban hierarchy are inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
Primate city: Disproportionally large cities. Ex. London, Paris
Central places theory: A model to predict how and where central places in the urban hierarchy would be functionally and spatially distributed. Ex. Hexagonal Hinterlands
Sun Belt phenomenon: The movement of millions of Americans from Northern and Northeastern states to Souther and Southwestern states. Ex. Texas and CA have seen an influx in population and business location to their respective regions
Functional zonation: The division of a city into specific regions (zones) for certain purposes (functions). Ex. Residential, industrial and transportation zones.
Zone: Area of a city with a relatively uniform land use (e.g. an industrial zonation, or a residential zone).
Central city: Non-suburban, older and more central urban areas. Ex. Downtown Chicago
Suburb: An outlying, functionally uniform part of an urban area. Ex. Arlington Heights (Chicago)
Suburbanization: Process of urbanizing new land (often around an urban environment). Ex. The urbanization of areas surrounding Chicago
Concentric zone model: Burgess's urban model of Chicago in the twenties. CBD is the center, with rings surrounding it from the Transition zone to the Commuter's zone. Ex. 1920s Chicago
Edge city: Suburb downtowns that have grown independent of the central city. Ex. Irvine, CA (outside of L.A.)
Megacities: Cities with 10 million or more residents
Griffin-Ford model: Model of the Latin American city, with a contrast between wealthy residents and disamenity sector. Ex. Rio do Jenero
Shantytowns: Unplanned developments of crude dwellings and scrap-built shelters. Ex. Largest of Asia in Karachi, Pakistan
Disamentiy sector: The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.
This is a map of North West Asia. The reason that i decided to color this map is because it contains Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo is the world original, and largest meagacity relative to population, with a total population of 32.5 million people, and number three as the most global city (after New York City and London). This city has 13 million people in the “proper city” and has one of the highest living costs for car and house ownerships in the city. The city continues to grow based on its status as a major global power and will continue to function as Japan’s capital of business and politics and main culinary center.
